Floating Solar Power: Enhancing Energy Efficiency at Kariba Dam

The African Development Bank (AfDB) has taken a significant step towards optimizing energy efficiency and improving system reliability by inviting consultants to express their interest in preparing a feasibility study for a floating solar power plant on the Lake Kariba Reservoir. This initiative, launched on May 23, 2024, aims to lessen environmental and social impacts while leveraging the existing hydroelectric infrastructure at the Kariba Dam.

The shift towards cleaner energy sources brings innovative solutions like floating solar power plants on hydroelectric reservoirs to the forefront, playing a vital role in addressing energy challenges. Widespread adoption of such technologies could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the environmental impacts of climate change.

The Kariba Dam, managed by the Zambezi River Authority, is one of Africa's largest hydroelectric power generation facilities. The introduction of a floating solar power plant on its reservoir is expected to enhance the dam's energy output and reliability. This approach not only maximizes the use of available space but also mitigates the environmental footprint typically associated with large-scale solar installations.

This project aligns with AfDB's broader Desert to Power (DtP) plan, which aims to install 10 GW of solar PV capacity across Africa's Sahel region. By integrating solar power with existing hydroelectric infrastructure, the initiative seeks to create a more resilient and sustainable energy system.

The feasibility study will explore various aspects, including the technical, economic, and environmental viability of the floating solar plant. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis to ensure the project's success and sustainability.

In a related development, Romania has launched its first large-scale floating solar photovoltaic (PV) system. TMK Hydroenergy Power, a subsidiary of Czech power utility CEZ, inaugurated the 1 MW facility on a pond in Caras Severin county. This pilot project, connected to the 22 MW Grebla hydroelectric plant, aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of floating solar technology.

Liviu Gavrila, General Director of Generation at Evryo, expressed optimism about the project's potential, stating, "It is a pilot project that we believe will demonstrate its effectiveness and we want to replicate." The success of this initiative could pave the way for similar projects in other locations, contributing to Romania's goal of generating 36% of its energy from renewables by 2030.

The integration of floating solar PV systems with hydroelectric plants represents a promising approach to enhancing energy efficiency and reliability. By utilizing existing water bodies, these projects minimize land use conflicts and reduce environmental impacts, making them a viable option for sustainable energy development.

Transitioning to cleaner energy sources, initiatives like the floating solar power plant on Lake Kariba Reservoir and Romania's pilot project highlight the potential of innovative solutions in addressing energy challenges. These projects not only contribute to energy efficiency but also support broader environmental and social goals.

Key Takeaways

• African Development Bank invites consultants for a feasibility study on a floating solar power plant on Lake Kariba Reservoir.
• The project aims to optimize energy efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and leverage existing hydroelectric infrastructure.
• Romania launches its first large-scale floating solar PV system, a 1 MW facility on a pond connected to a hydroelectric plant.
• Floating solar power plants on hydroelectric reservoirs can enhance energy output, reduce land use conflicts, and mitigate environmental impacts.
• Such initiatives support the transition to cleaner energy sources, contributing to energy efficiency, environmental, and social goals.