Volcanic Eruption on Reykjanes Peninsula: Lava Flows and Protective Measures

A recent volcanic eruption on Iceland's Reykjanes Peninsula has led to significant geological changes and prompted the construction of protective barriers. Multitemporal radar images captured by Copernicus Sentinel-1 in January, February, and March 2024 reveal the extent of these changes, including shifts in snow cover, ice extent, and lava flows.

The eruption, which began on March 16, 2024, at 20:23 UTC, occurred between Mt. Hagafell and Mt. Stóra Skógfell. A 2.9-km-long fissure formed rapidly, releasing steam and gas. The lava flow, moving at approximately 1 km/hr, has been directed westwards towards Grindavíkurvegur and the protective barriers for the Svartsengi region, with a large lobe of lava flowing southeast towards Grindavík.

This eruption is the fourth on the Sundhnúksgíga crater row since the onset of unrest in October 2023. The Icelandic Met Office has updated the hazard map, reflecting the ongoing eruption and lava flow scenarios. Initial assessments from web camera imagery and aerial photographs indicate that this eruption is the largest in terms of magma discharge among the four eruptions.

The eruption's rapid onset left little time for warning, with the first alert to the Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management issued at 19:43 UTC, just 40 minutes before the eruption began. Protective measures, including the construction of barriers, have been implemented to safeguard Grindavík and the Svartsengi region from the advancing lava.

Why this matters:

The volcanic eruption on Iceland's Reykjanes Peninsula has significant implications for the environment and local communities, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and preparedness. If not managed properly, the eruption could lead to devastating consequences, including damage to infrastructure, displacement of people, and long-term environmental damage.

Residents of Grindavík have experienced significant disruptions due to the volcanic activity. In November 2023, the town endured intense seismic activity and fissures as deep as 20 meters. Despite these challenges, the community has shown resilience, with many continuing their daily routines amidst the upheaval.

As of May 9, 2024, the volcanic activity north of Grindavík has ceased, but access to the area remains restricted due to potential risks, including gas pollution and the possibility of new fissures forming. Roads to Grindavík are closed to general traffic, and hiking in the area is strictly prohibited.

The ongoing monitoring and protective measures highlight the need for continued vigilance in the face of natural disasters. The efforts to safeguard the affected regions underscore the importance of preparedness and resilience in communities vulnerable to volcanic activity.

Key Takeaways

• Volcanic eruption on Iceland's Reykjanes Peninsula began on March 16, 2024.
• 2.9-km-long fissure formed, releasing steam and gas, with lava flowing west and southeast.
• This is the 4th eruption on the Sundhnúksgíga crater row since October 2023.
• Protective barriers constructed to safeguard Grindavík and Svartsengi region from lava.
• Volcanic activity ceased as of May 9, 2024, but access remains restricted due to potential risks.