NASA Develops Indefinite Power Source for Subsea Robots, Inspired by Aquarius Mission

NASA has unveiled a groundbreaking power module capable of indefinitely powering subsea robots, revolutionizing underwater exploration. This innovation stems from the experience of calibrating the Aquarius instrument on the Satélite de Aplicaciones Científicas.

The power module, developed by engineer Yi Chao and colleagues at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Southern California, leverages phase-change materials to generate energy. These materials, specifically a paraffin-family substance, have a melting point around 50°F, which aligns with the temperature range between the ocean depths and the surface.

During its ascent to the surface to transmit data, the phase-change material melts and expands. This expansion drives a motor that recharges the battery, functioning similarly to a steam engine. Despite the modest 10% energy expansion, the device is efficient enough to sustain subsea operations.

This development has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the ocean and its ecosystems, which is vital for addressing climate change, managing marine resources, and preserving biodiversity. The ability to power subsea robots indefinitely could lead to new discoveries, improved ocean management, and more effective conservation efforts.

Yi Chao, who recognized the energy bottleneck in underwater robotics during his work on the Aquarius satellite mission, licensed the invention and founded Seatrec Inc. in Vista, California. The company now sells the SL1 power module to research labs, universities, government researchers, and the military.

The implications of this technology are vast. It could enable the mapping of the 80% of the seafloor that remains uncharted, benefiting offshore drillers, wind farm developers, the military, and environmentalists. Additionally, it promises to reduce pollution and operational costs by eliminating the need for frequent battery replacements or recharging missions.

"A major constraint to monitoring oceans is the battery life of subsurface sensors, which can't rely on solar energy," said Yi Chao, highlighting the significance of the new power module.

The technology, first demonstrated with a prototype float in 2011 and an underwater glider in 2012, shows promise for broader applications. Chao envisions a larger market for the SL1 module, including efforts to map the seafloor and other underwater explorations.

This development marks a significant advancement in subsea robotics, offering a sustainable and efficient power solution. Technology's continued evolution holds the potential to transform oceanographic research and underwater exploration.

Key Takeaways

• NASA develops power module to indefinitely power subsea robots.
• Module uses phase-change materials to generate energy from ocean temperature.
• 10% energy expansion is enough to sustain subsea operations.
• Technology can advance ocean exploration, management, and conservation.
• Module can be used for seafloor mapping, reducing pollution and costs.